leetcode [33] 搜索旋转排序数组
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假设按照升序排序的数组在预先未知的某个点上进行了旋转。
( 例如,数组 [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] 可能变为 [4,5,6,7,0,1,2] )。
搜索一个给定的目标值,如果数组中存在这个目标值,则返回它的索引,否则返回 -1 。
你可以假设数组中不存在重复的元素。
你的算法时间复杂度必须是 O(log n) 级别。
示例 1:
输入: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
输出: 4
示例 2:
输入: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
输出: -1
解法1:
思路:
-
对于搜索区间小于3的情况,直接线性查找
-
二分:
分三种情况:
- 上坡, 那么可以分为第一个坡,和第二个坡,如果当前坡在目标区间,那么正常二分,否则,逼近目标区间
- 尖峰, 如果尖峰小于目标,无解。否则,判断目标区间在哪个坡,逼近目标区间
- 凹陷, 如果凹陷大于目标,无解,否则,判断目标区在哪个,逼近目标区间。
class Solution:
# def search(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
def search(self, nums, target: int) -> int:
if len(nums) < 3 or nums[-1] == nums[0]:
if target in nums:
return nums.index(target)
else:
return -1
if nums[0] == target:
return 0
if nums[-1] == target:
return len(nums) - 1
first = target > nums[0]
second = not first
low = 0
high = len(nums)
while low < high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if nums[mid] == target:
return mid
if high - low < 3:
if target in nums[low: high]:
return nums.index(target, low, high)
else:
return -1
# ^^^
if nums[mid - 1] < nums[mid] < nums[mid + 1]:
# same domain
if (nums[0] < nums[mid] and first
) or (nums[0] > nums[mid] and second):
if nums[mid] < target:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
# diff domain
elif nums[0] < nums[mid] and second:
low = mid + 1
else:# nums[0] > nums[mid] and first:
high = mid
# ^^-
elif nums[mid - 1] < nums[mid] > nums[mid + 1]:
if nums[mid] < target:
return -1
if nums[0] > target:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
# ^-^
else:
if nums[mid] > target:
return -1
if nums[0] < target:
high = mid
else:
low = mid + 1
return -1
解法2:简化
class Solution:
# def search(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
def search(self, nums, target: int) -> int:
if len(nums) < 5 or nums[-1] == nums[0]:
if target in nums:
return nums.index(target)
else:
return -1
if nums[0] == target:
return 0
if nums[-1] == target:
return len(nums) - 1
first = target > nums[0]
low = 0
high = len(nums)
while low < high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if nums[mid] == target:
return mid
if high - low < 5:
if target in nums[low: high]:
return nums.index(target, low, high)
else:
return -1
# 当前是否在第一个坡
current = nums[0] < nums[mid]
# 如果区间匹配
if current == first:
if nums[mid] < target:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
# 不匹配
elif first and not current:
high = mid
else:
low = mid + 1
return -1
解法3:
思路: 二分查找,对于mid值进行比较,每次比较要考虑是在左坡上还是右坡上,必要的时候再对left值进行判断。注意要对left和right仅差1的情况处理,因为这种情况下会出现找不到的情况,为了能跳出,强制left右移。
class Solution:
def search(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
if len(nums) == 0: return -1
left, right = 0, len(nums)
while left < right:
mid = (left + right) // 2
if nums[mid] < target:
# 落在左坡上
if nums[left] < nums[mid]: left = mid + 1
# 落在右坡上
elif nums[left] > nums[mid]:
if nums[left] < target: right = mid
elif nums[left] > target: left = mid + 1
else: return left
elif nums[mid] > target:
# 落在左坡上
if nums[left] < nums[mid]:
if nums[left] < target: right = mid
elif nums[left] > target: left = mid + 1
else: return left
# 落在右坡上
elif nums[left] > nums[mid]: right = mid
else:
return mid
if left == mid: left += 1
return -1